In this chapter the authors distinguish summative evaluation from formative evaluation and argue that, while both are essential, they should be separated from each other, with the emphasis placed on formative practices. They propose ways to separate the two forms of evaluation and outline prerequisite environmental conditions for shifting to formative endeavours and the advantages once that shift is made. Several popular formats for formative evaluation are described, and ways of differentiating formative evaluation are discussed. Four scenarios are presented. They conclude that formative evaluation, if kept separate from summative evaluation and done properly, is far more likely to improve teaching and learning.
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